Science+&+Medicines

==Ancient India was a not only a land of saints, soothsayers and sages but also a land of scholars and scientists. Science and technology in ancient and medieval India covered all significant divisions of human knowledge and activities. Ancient India's contribution to science and technology include:==

==• Civil engineering & architecture - The discovery of urban settlements of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro symbolize the existence of civil engineering & architecture in Ancient India, which developed to a highly unequivocal science of civil engineering and architecture and found expression in innumerable monuments of ancient India.==

==The surgeon Sushruta who lived about 500 BC left a book, the Samhita explaining his surgical methods. In his book Sushruta described how to pull teeth, how to fix broken bones and how to fix blockages of intestines.==

==By 200 AD another doctor Charaka also wrote about this time. He recognized that prevention was best cure for many diseases and he recommended in order to stay healthy we should keep our humors in balance. If our humors get out of balance we should take medicines to rebalance them.==

==The earliest Indian reference to smallpox was also made by Charaka, and this is just around the time that smallpox first devastated Roman Empire, coming from the east. Indian doctors were the first to inoculate the people against smallpox. In 700s AD, a doctor called Madhav wrote about inoculation. He knew that people could be kept away from smallpox by scraping a little pus or scabs from someone who had smallpox, letting it to sit for a while, and then giving a small amount as an inoculation, either by sticking it into their skin on a needle, or by blowing the powder up their nose==

==Mathematics represents a very sky-scraping level of abstraction achieved by human brain. The roots to mathematics in ancient India, trails to Vedic literature, which are around 4000 years old. Between 1000 BC and 1000 AD, several mathematical treatises were written in India.==

==It is now generally accepted that zero, the decimal system, algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root were originated in India. Zero is a numeral as well as a concept. It owes its origin to the Indian mathematician Aryabhatta.==

==The theories of geometry were known to ancient Indians and find display in motifs on temple walls, which are in many cases filled with mix of floral and geometric patterns. "Five Principles" (Panch-Siddhantika), which dates to 5th Century AD, describes the method of graduated calculations. Arthur Llewellyn Basham, an Australian indologist, wrote in his book-The Wonder That Was India-"... the world owes most to India in the realm of mathematics, which was developed in the Gupta period to a stage more advanced than that reached by any other nation of antiquity. The success of Indian mathematics was mainly due to the fact that Indians had a clear conception of the abstract number as distinct from the numerical quantity of objects or spatial extension."==

==Mathematicians Aryabhatta and Bhaskaracharya authored several treatises on Algebra. Bhaskaracharya is said to have given a basic idea of the Rolle's Theorem and was the first to comprehend of differential Calculus.==

==The 14th century Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama, along with other mathematicians of the Kerala School, studied infinite series, convergence, differentiation, and repetitive methods for solving non-linear equations.==